Python Edition
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Python continues to reign as one of the most studied languages available. For starters, it is included with common Linux Distros and is available for other platforms: (Windows | MacOS | etc.). It is Object Oriented (OO) and provides virtually unlimited access to libraries of interest that make you uber-productive, quickly. It's also worth mentioning that Python's Interactive interface enhances the learning process by facilitating rapid experimentation. Whatever the Application or Service, Python can be applied.Release Syllabus
Python Scripting | Automation
Python - Object Oriented Linux Scripting Environment - Module III
- Basics
- Discuss Python's capabilities & features
- Identify location of pre-installed Python
- Discuss Python's Interactive interface
- Use the interactive interface to ouput basic expressions
- Hello World
- Identify reserved keywords
- Escape sequences & escape character exploration
- Define Python script using Linux SHEBANG header
- Execute Python scripts using the Python interpreter directly
- Discuss data types including strings, integers, lists, tuples, dictionaries, etc.
- Define standard variable types
- Use the print function to examine ouput of variables and expressions
- Use the type function to resolve data type
- Use the id function to expose the memory location of the stored variable
- Explain and define references and integrate with the id function
- Comments definition
- Perform basic arithmetic to illustrate the PEMDAS order of operations and examine how to alter it
- General Python Information I
- Explain and illustrate STDIN usage
- Examine the input function
- Examine the raw_input function
- Compare and contrast between input and raw_input functions
- Define small script to make use of input/raw_input and basic math functions
- Python Function concepts, applications and definition
- String Manipulation
- Define and ascertain the length of strings
- String extraction using list elements and list slicing
- Discuss immutable and mutable data types
- Loop through string slices using for loops
- Compare strings using string operators
- Discuss Python's object-oriented nature of various modules including classes and methods
- Import strings module
- Convert strings to upper and lower case using strings module methods
- Split strings into lists
- Join lists into strings
- List Manipulation
- Define lists
- Discuss and Define tuples
- Compare and contrast lists and tuples
- Reverse lists
- Append lists
- Extend lists
- Nest lists
- Define multi-dimensional lists
- Stack Lists using Last In First Out (LIFO) using the pop function
- Define First In First Out (FIFO) lists to emulate queueing using the pop function
- Insert values into various positions of the list
- Use ranges to generate integers
- Lists with Integers
- Lists with Strings
- Emulate standard UNIX Syslog logfile format using Lists
- Parse emulated logfile format using the Split function
- Recap list manipulation using integers, strings and various list methods
- Explain and define Dictionaries - key/value pairs similar to Hashes in Perl
- Control Structures
- IF - Defintion and usage
- Discuss the importance of indentation
- Else/Elif - comparisons against integers and strings
- Comparison negation
- Write script to perform conditional testing
- Import sys module to evaluate positional parameters using ARGV
- Define script which requires minimum number of command-line arguments
- Nest multiple if/elif statements to match logic
- Explain how for loops work in Python
- for loops definition and usage
- Iterate through lists of strings using for loops
- Integrate for loops with string manipulation functions and log file parsing
- Define and use While loops
- Define and examine the consequences of incorrect logic with an infinite while loop
- Integrate while loop with raw_input function to obtain data from the end-user
- Discuss file handle concepts and applications
- Use control structures to generate output for use in File I/O exercises
- Use the open function to read a file into a file handle
- Iterate through the lines within the opened file using readline functions, etc.
- Open file handles for writing
- Open multiple file handles
- Write strings to files using string formatting options and variable substitution
- Parse source file by extracting columns to be stored in destination file
- Regular Expressions
- Discuss Regular Expressions
- Import Regular Expressions module (re) for usage
- Implement Regular Expressions (REs)
- Regular Expressions Matching of strings and variables
- REGEX Repeaters
- Integrate Regular Expressions with text file processing
- Exception Handling
- Try & Except
- Modules
- Identification of default Python modules
- Import modules (sys, os, etc.) for usage
- Use the dir function to ascertain the classes and methods available within modules
- Use the SHUTIL module for advanced, high-level File I/O (Copy, Move, etc.)
- Python - Syslog integration
- Define script using the Syslog module to log to syslog
- Common Gateway Interface
- CGI Discussion and applications
- Implement Python CGI with Apache 2.x
- Evaluate results of CGI integration
- Globbing
- Dictionaries
- Further exploration of dictionaries
- Parse log files into dictionary data structure
- Organize results
- Analyse data
- Time
- Review properties of various time functions
- Export time with various functions
- Use time functions to create log entries in process akin to Perl
- Evaluate results
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1 of 5Sums Edition
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Checksums ensure data-integrity, at-rest, cross-transit, and ultimately at-rest. Use them to verify Content as needed.Release Syllabus
Sums
- Various Tools
- Remote Confirmations
- File Metadata
- File Fragments
- Compress Content
- Archive Content
- DIR Hierarchy
- Password Sums
- Shared Secret
- Restrict History
- Downloaded Content
- Encrypt Content
- Site Credentials
- Site COOKIE
- Site COOKIE - Unique
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1 of 5Cent9x-Stream Edition
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CentOS offers a visage into the world of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It is a fork. Unlike its Enterprise counterpart, there are fewer encumbrances, especially vis-à-vis the all-too-important frequently required software updates. Use CentOS to align your Applications and Services with RHEL.Release Syllabus
CentOS9x Stream Administration
- Initial Environment
- ls, pwd, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, whoami
- alias, cat, file, chmod, chown, history
- STD(IN|OUT), Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
- ps, df, top, free
- Pagers, W-Commands
- Checksums
- Awk | Sed | Grep Usage
- BASH SHELL Environment
- Compression | Archival Tools
- SSH Equivalence
- SHELL Quoting
- Propagate Environment
- Secure Clients
- Identify Standard File Types
- Standard File Permissions
- Symbolic Links
- Transfer Permissions
- Identify SWAP environment
- Provision dedicated SWAP partitions
- Add | Remove SWAP from pool as needed
- Provision File System-based SWAP
- SWAP Share
- SWAP Persistence
- Identify default storage configuration
- Provision new storage as needed
- XFS - File System
- XFS - Grow File System
- Identify LVM defaults
- Add new partitions to LVM management
- Allocate storage to LVM Volume Groups
- Create Logical Volumes (LVs) as needed
- Overlay File System and mount where applicables
- LVM - Resize
- LVM - Mixed FS
- LVM - SWAP
- Features
- Install
- Defaults
- General Usage
- Update Accounts
- Defaults
- Shared PASS Gen
- Unique PASS Gen
- Encrypted PASS Gen
- Update Accounts
- Groups
- Discuss features | limitations
- Identify default system-wide schedule
- Peruse various default Cron Jobs
- Schedule simple job and monitor recurrence
- Evaluate results
- Peruse Default CONF
- Discuss Syslog Rules
- Explore Log Rotate defaults
- Ensure rotated logs are compressed
- Extend default retention scheme
- Force Log Rotation as needed
- Explore Default environment
- Install PKGs
- Dump important metadata from packages
- Apply Updates
- Default CONF
- Add | Confirm IPs as needed
- Install
- Copy Configuration
- SELinux - Confirm
- TLS | SSL Services
- cURL Client Tests
- Virtual Hosts
- ENC Sites Only
- SFTP Only USER
- SFTP Only USER - NOLOGIN
- SFTP Only Group - Control
- NMap Intro
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1 of 5SysLogD Edition
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Traditional visibility into daemon | service | program communications, activities, errors, etc., relies upon SysLOG. SysLog has migrated over the years towards JournalD via SystemD services, however, SysLOG remains intrical to many services within and without Nix Instances. In this edition, explore some of the key features of rSysLogD, the defacto SysLOG engine.Release Syllabus
SysLOG with rSysLogD
- Discuss Features
- Default Environment
- Kernel Firewall LOG
- Split LOGs by Priorities
- UDP | TCP Logging
- Dual L4 Logging
- Multiple Hosts
- Basic Queueing
- Reliable Event Logging Protocol (RELP)
- RELP - Remote Only
- RELP Only
- Traditional to RELP
- SysLOG Clear-Text - Confirm
- Property Filters
- Expression Filters
- Relay Chain
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1 of 5NFTables Edition
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NFTables (nft) provides a streamlined packet classification environment.Release Syllabus
Netfilter Tables
- Features
- SSHGuard
- Ruleset Basics
- Persistence
- Sample Rules
- Inbound Filtering
- Dormant Table
- Manage Tables | Chains | Rules
- Counters
- Sets
- LOG Basics
- LOG with Sets
- Closed-Port LOGs
- LOG Options
- Re-Route LOGs
- Jump Targets
- Chain Jumping
- GoTo Chains
- Meta Selectors
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1 of 5Deb12x Edition
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Release Info
Among the longstanding and well-maintained Distros is Debian. Its 'apt' package management framework is legendary; as is its commitment to supply por gratis, recurring security updates over a long horizon. Indeed, this distinguishes Debian and its relatives as the leading Linux Distros available.Release Syllabus
Debian 12x Administration
- Features
- Download
- Graphical Install
- Text Install
- Post-Install Tweaks
- Explore usage of the following useful commands
- tty | /dev/pts | w | whoami | who
- set | env | export | unset
- cat | echo | touch | rm
- pwd | ls | cd | mkdir | alias | umask
- head | tail
- dd
- find
- history
- STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR, UNIX Pipes, Redirection, Command Chaining
- ps, df, free, top, dd
- stat, which, w, who
- tar | gzip | bzip2 | xz
- ZSH Setup
- Explore SSH defaults
- Use SSH to connect to targets
- Transfer data with: scp | sftp | rsync
- Explain common Linux file permissions
- chmod | chgrp | chown
- Discuss various Linux file attributes | features
- SETUID | SETGID | STICKY Bit
- SymLinks: Hard | Soft
- Features
- useradd | adduser | usermod | userdel
- groupadd | groupmod | groupdel
- Create $USERs in Parallel
- $USER Passwords | mkpasswd | python3
- Generate Random Passwords
- Store Randomly-generated Passwords for Reference
- Encrypted Pass - Unique Users
- Default SHELL
- NO TTY Access
- Disable SSH Access
- Features
- Installation Defaults: File System Table
- Provision Storage
- GPT Label | Create Partition(s) | File System | Mount | Persistence
- Duplicate Drives
- Duplicate Varied Sizes
- Online Resizing (Up-Sizing)
- Provision SWAP
- Logical Volume Management (LVM)
- LVM Features
- Allocate Storage to LVM
- LVM | VG Resizing
- Fix sudo PATH
- Point-Release Upgrade
- Cron Features
- Cron Job Execution
- Journal Control Features
- Booted Kernels
- SystemD Features
- Explore default APT configuration
- Identify commonly-used package management tools
- Enumerate installed packages
- Identify package owners based on system binaries
- Discuss 'apt' and 'dpkg' options
- Install | Remove various packages
- Network Tools | IP Configuration
- Examine default IP configuration
- Extend IP configuration to facilitate additional addresses
- Static IP Config
- Dual: Dynamic | Static Config
- Multiple Interfaces
- Dual Network Services
- Confirm communications
- Features
- Restrict $USER to SFTP Access
- Confirm limited $SHELL
- SFTP-Only Group
- SFTP-Only Password AUTH
- Identifiy key NMAP configuration files
- Identify commonly used NMAP options/switches/parameters
- Scan Server resource
- Perform default TCP Connect-based ethical scans of local and remote resources
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1 of 5PHP-One-Liners Edition
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Release Info
PHP is more commonly known as a CGI processor; for Web-Applications. Perhaps you could call it a Middle-Tier. However, PHP also offers simple, but powerful CLI processing for common needs often provided via a hodgepodge of well-known $SHELL utilities. Either way, PHP makes it facile to achieve accounting where necessary, and simply via One-Liners.Release Syllabus
PHP One-Liners
- General Usage
- Count Lines
- Word Count
- Count Chars
- Split Lines into ARRAY
- Count Instances of Fields
- Transform Delimiters
- Anonymize LOGs
- Extract Unique SRCs
- Lines by Error Code
- LOG By Code
- Summarize Error Codes
- Pre-Seed Error Codes
- Random Strings
- Varied Passwords
- Expose Undefined Passwords
- Outdated Passwords
- Hash | Un-Hash
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1 of 5GlusterFS Edition
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Release Info
GlusterFS provides simple, cost-effective, scalable and reliable network-distributed volume | disk aggregation services. Quickly and effectively allocate storage for your applications with GlusterFS.Release Syllabus
Cloud Storage with GlusterFS
- Discuss Features:
- Default Volume Type
- Common Volume Types
- Transport Types
- File System Support
- Storage Model
- Features
- Provision Storage
- Allocate GlusterFS Brick
- Persistence
- Generate IO
- Multiple File Systems
- Various Sizes
- Stop | Remove Volume
- Reconstitute Volume
- Server Mount
- Evaluate
- Features
- Provision Storage
- Partition | FS | Mount | Brick
- Extend Volume
- Monitor IO Distribution
- Shrink Volume
- Confirm Reallocation
- Remove Bricks
- Add | Replace Bricks
- Confirm Data Transfer
- UUID Mounts
- Migrate Mounts
- Features
- Probe Storage Instances
- Provision Storage
- Extend Shared Volume
- Mount any Server
- List Storage Spread
- Dismantle Volume
- Confirm Data-Availability
- Volume Reconstruction
- Features
- Existing Bricks
- Re-Use Allocated Storage
- Define New Bricks
- Create Volume
- Generate | Monitor IO
- Fail NODEs
- Evaluate
- Features
- Explore Environment
- Create New Replica Volume
- Mount on Web Servers
- Ensure Persistence
- Update NginX Web Server Config
- Fetch Content
- Down Storage NODE | Test
- Restore NODE | Confirm Content
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1 of 5OpenPGPII Edition
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Release Info
GPG - OpenPGP - Provides a standard PKI Framework, supporting common Algorithms, for securing your data at-rest and in-transit.Release Syllabus
OpenPGP with GPG
- Discuss Features:
- Primary Tool
- Private | Public Keys
- Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
- Encryption | Decryption
- Signing | Verification
- Features
- General Usage
- Create Content
- Encrypt
- PassPhrase Protect
- Binary | Text Encryption
- Share
- Decrypt
- Features
- Vary Algos
- Compare Results
- Caveats
- Random PassPhrases
- Store PassPhrases
- Encrypt | Decrypt | Confirm
- Use Case
- Generate Keypairs
- Export | Import
- Share
- Sign
- URI Import
- Features
- Identify Public Keys
- Encrypt to Recipients
- Vary Key Identifcation
- Share Content
- Confirm Decryption
- Confirm Invalid Recipient
- Features
- Encryption | Decryption Distinction
- Sign | Share Content
- Confirm Signatures
- Missing Public Key
- Sign | Encrypt | Decrypt | Verify
- Encrypt | Sign | Verify | Decrypt
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1 of 5SSL-TLS Edition
Details
Release Info
Transport Layer Security (TLS) provides standards-based asymmetric and symmetric cryptographic solutions for your application needs.Release Syllabus
SSL-TLS with OpenSSL
- Discuss Features:
- Primary Tool
- Private | Public Keys
- Certificate Signing Requests (CSRs)
- Self-Signed Certificates
- Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)
- Encryption | Decryption
- Random String Generation
- Message Digests
- SSL-TLS Client
- Features
- General Usage
- Retrieve Site Certificates
- Determine OCSP Configuration
- Probe supported TLS Versions
- Extract Certificate for local usage
- Retrieve Certificate with NMap
- Retrieve Certificate Chain
- Fetch Certificate
- x509 Query Fields
- Fingerprints
- One-Liner
- Export Public Key from Certificate
- Dump Public Key
- Generate Random Bytes
- Yield various Formats
- Create Random Files on Target
- Define Random $USERs
- Track defined $USERs
- Features
- Generate Digests
- Install SHA3-SUM
- Vary Content
- Compare Digests
- Remote Digests
- Store Digests
- Features
- Common Algorithms
- Generate Multiple Private Keys
- Export Public Keys
- Confirm Keys
- Remove and Re-Export Public Keys
- Generate Non-Default RSA Keys
- Password-Protected Keys
- Share PRIV_KEY and Confirm
- Features
- Base64 Encode | Decode
- AES-256 Encryption | Decryption
- Base64 Representation
- Decode | Decrypt
- Deterministic Examples
- Asymmetric Encrypts | Decrypts
- Features
- "pkeyutl" Sub-Command
- RSA Signatures
- ED(448|25519) Signatures
- RSA-PSS Signatures
- Eliptical Curve Signatures
- "-rawin" effect
- Encrypt | Sign | Verify | Decrypt
- Sign | Encrypt | Decrypt | Verify
- Discuss
- Generate Private Keys
- Generate Correlating CSRs
- Confirm Keys | CSRs
- Self-Signed Certificates
- Generate
- CA Store
- Root CA
- Various ALGOs
- Internal Domain
- SYMLINK Keys
- Password-Protected PRIV_KEY
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1 of 5$SHELL-Vars Edition
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Release Info
The $SHELL (all incarnations), provide a plethora of useful mechanisms that facilitate smoother and more automated operations. Core to reduced computing friction is $SHELL-Mastery.Release Syllabus
SHELL Variables
- Discuss Features
- Terminal (TTY)
- CLI Arguments
- Process ID
- Backgrounded
- SHELL Local
- Environment
- Persistence
- Aliases
- Command Substitution
- Increment | Decrement
- Dynamism